Old World
In Europe, with a longer history for matching grape types to soil and climate, the finest wines are known primarily by geographic appellation which causes the same grape variety tended to be called by different names in different places. In addition, fruit flavors receive less emphasis from Europenan winemakers, who place primary importance upon capturing the "terroir", the subtle aroma and flavor nuances generated by soiltype, climate, or region where the grapes were grown. For example, Chardonnay and Pinot Noir are the major grapes of Burgundy.

A wine labeled "Montrachet", is from a great vineyard in Burgundy, and is made from Chardonnay grapes, but you won't find that on the label. Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot, Cabernet Franc, Malbec and Petite Verdot are the red grapes of Bordeaux. Syrah dominates northern Rhône reds. Barolo and Barbaresco are both made of Nebbiolo, but the different appellations produce different styles of wine. In Tuscany, Sangiovese provides the backbone of Chianti. A different clone of Sangiovese is used for Brunello di Montalcino. As a result, Europeans are used to wines with regional names, although this is changing--witness the occasional French and Italian varietals.

New World
In the New World, the taste of the grape is of primary importance, but the appellation system may be changing, because it seems to be adopting certain European aspects. For example, California appellations such as Carneros and Santa Maria Valley are becoming synonymous with Chardonnay and Pinot Noir, Oregon's Willamette Valley is known for Pinot Noir and Australia's Hunter Valley for Shiraz; back in California, Rutherford, Oakville and the Stags Leap District are all associated with Cabernet-based red table wines. Wineries such as these with vested financial interests in these appellations and the marketing clout will determine how the appellation system evolves and whether specific wine styles emerge.

Characteristics of Major Red Varietals

Characteristics of Major White Varietals